The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1993, updated 1996)

This IPA chart is composed of Unicode characters and is written in valid XHTML/CSS; it is open source software released under the GPL. To easily copy/enter/input/insert/type the IPA characters/symbols/letters/glyphs and diacritics, found in this chart, use the IPA Unicode "Keyboard", which is built off of this document.

Consonants (Pulmonic)

	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Plosive	p b			t d		ʈ ɖ	c ɟ	k ɡ	q ɢ		ʔ
Nasal	m	ɱ		n		ɳ	ɲ	ŋ	ɴ
Trill	ʙ			r					ʀ
Tap or Flap				ɾ		ɽ
Fricative	ɸ β	f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ	ʂ ʐ	ç ʝ	x ɣ	χ ʁ	ħ ʕ	h ɦ
Lateral fricative				ɬ ɮ
Approximant		ʋ		ɹ		ɻ	j	ɰ
Lateral approximant				l		ɭ	ʎ	ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks		Voiced implosives		Ejectives
ʘ	Bilabial	ɓ	Bilabial	'	Examples:
ǀ	Dental	ɗ	Dental/alveolar	p'	Bilabal
ǃ	(Post)alveolar	ʄ	Palatal	t'	Dental/alveolar
ǂ	Palatoalveolar	ɠ	Velar	k'	Velar
ǁ	Alveolar lateral	ʛ	Uvular	s'	Alveolar fricative

Vowels

Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u

ɪ ʏ ʊ

e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o

ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ

æ ɐ

a ɶ ɑ ɒ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Symbols

ʍ	Voiceless labial-velar fricative	ɕ	ʑ	Alveolo-palatal fricatives
w	Voiced labial-velar approximant	ɺ		Alveolar lateral flap
ɥ	Voiced labial-palatal approximant	ɧ		Simultaneous ʃ and x
ʜ	Voiceless epiglottal fricative	k͡p Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary. Note: Unicode does not support tie bars underneath.
ʢ	Voiced epiglottal fricative
ʡ	Epiglottal plosive

Suprasegmentals

ˈ	Primary stress
ˌ	Secondary stress
ˌfoʊnəˈtɪʃən
ː	Long	eː
ˑ	Half-long	eˑ
̆	Extra short	ĕ
\|	Minor (foot) group
‖	Major (intonation) group
.	Syllable break	ɹi.ækt
‿	Linking (absence of a break)

Diacritics

Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. ŋ̊

̥	Voiceless	n̥	d̥	̤	Breathy voiced	b̤	a̤	̪	Dental	t̪	d̪
̬	Voiced	s̬	t̬	̰	Creaky voiced	b̰	a̰	̺	Apical	t̺	d̺
ʰ	Aspirated	tʰ	dʰ	̼	Linguolabial	t̼	d̼	̻	Laminal	t̻	d̻
̹	More rounded	ɔ̹		ʷ	Labalized	tʷ	dʷ	̃	Nasalized		ẽ
̜	Less rounded	ɔ̜		ʲ	Palatalized	tʲ	dʲ	ⁿ	Nasal release		dⁿ
̟	Advanced	u̟		ˠ	Velarized	tˠ	dˠ	ˡ	Lateral release		dˡ
̠	Retracted	e̠		ˤ	Pharyngealized	tˤ	dˤ	̚	No audible release		d̚
̈	Centralized	ë		~	Velarized or pharyngealized		ɫ
̽	Mid-centralized	e̽		̝	Raised	e̝	(ɹ̝ = voiced alveolar fricative)
̩	Syllabic	n̩		̞	Lowered	e̞	(β̞ = voiced bilabial approximant)
̯	Non-syllabic	e̯		̘	Advanced Tongue Root		e̘
˞	Rhoticity	ə˞	a˞	̙	Retracted Tongue Root		e̙

Tones and Word Accents

Level				Contour
e̋	or	˥	Extra high	ě	Rising
é		˦	High	ê	Falling
ē		˧	Mid	Not supported by Unicode
è		˨	Low
ȅ		˩	Extra low
↓	Downstep			↗	Global rise
↑	Upstep			↘	Global fall